The golden Western deity sculpture above the front main entrance (Lion Entrance) of the Nihombashi Mitsukoshi Main Store is a statue of **Mercury (Roman mythology)**, also known as **Hermes** in Greek mythology.
Below is a detailed explanation of its meaning and the background of its designer:
### 1. What does this statue represent?
* **Guardian deity of commerce and wealth:** In mythology, Mercury is the god who presides over **commerce, trade, travel, luck, and wealth**. As one of Japan’s premier temples of commerce, Mitsukoshi Department Store placed him above its main entrance primarily to pray for **“prosperous business” (commercial prosperity and thriving trade)**.
* **Depiction of mythological features:** If you look closely at the statue, you will notice that he has Mercury’s three classic attributes:
1. **Winged hat (Petasos):** He wears a round traveler’s hat with wings on his head.
2. **Winged sandals (Talaria):** The sandals on his ankles have golden wings, representing great speed.
3. **Caduceus:** In his left hand, he holds a winged staff entwined by two snakes, a symbol of commerce and peace.
### 2. Who designed it?
* **Original artist:** **Giovanni da Bologna (also known as Giambologna)**, a master court sculptor of the late Italian Renaissance (Mannerist period).
* **Origin of the statue:** This statue is an **official, finely crafted, full-scale replica** modeled after Bologna’s classic bronze Mercury statue created in **1598**, which is now housed in the Bargello Museum in Florence, Italy.
* **Year installed:** In **1923 (Taisho 12)**, when construction and renovation of the Mitsukoshi Main Building was completed, the department store placed this iconic Western god of commerce above the front entrance. Together with the bronze lion statues on either side of the entrance, it became a classic landmark guarding Nihombashi Mitsukoshi.
Nihombashi Mitsukoshi Main Store | Review by Norton Liang
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